The study addresses the implications MNC strategies have for linkage effects in developing countries. Two contrasting MNC strategies, which reflect an integration-responsiveness dichotomy, are scrutinized in terms of their effects on jobs among local linkage partners in developing countries. It...

A large number of studies has examined the pattern of firms' internationalization in terms of the sequence by which a firm introduces various operation methods to a foreign market. With few exceptions, the studies seek to establish whether or not the observed patterns of internationalization are...

This article takes a critical look at the extant foreign entry mode research and argues that a richer and more and dynamic view is needed in order to provide a realistic presentation of how firms organize their foreign activities. While researchers have typically assumed a very limited range of...

In this paper, the shift into international franchising from other forms of operation, rather than the typical home market franchising base, is explored. The focus is international retail franchising, based on a study of the Danish clothing and footwear industry. In this study it was found that...

Although the issue of switching costs does appear in some of the frameworks for choosing modes of foreign operation, the treatment of these costs is fairly cursory. In this article we propose a simple classification of switching costs which distinguishes between "take-down" costs and "set-up"...

In order to accrue economic rent a firm not only has to create value for its customers, it must also be capable of appropriating this value. Without possessing value appropriation capabilities the firm is at risk of passing on the created value to its suppliers, customers or competitors. There...

It is an unresolved issue whether insertion of emerging market firms into global value chains (GVCs) is a better way of internationalisation than developing own export products and independent sales channels–as has been the ‘conventional’ internationalisation path of firms...

In recent years, the activities of Danish MNCs in India have expanded dramatically. Previously dormant subsidiaries have been transformed into integral components in the global strategies of Danish MNCs, either as crucial cash cows catering to the rapidly growing Indian markets, or as platforms...

In this study we discuss and empirically test the assertion that over the last two decades multinational enterprises' (MNEs') configuration of value-adding activities has shifted from a sparse and simple (host-home) international division of labor among the foreign affiliates to a more...

Apparently, the pace by which companies commit resources to foreign markets differs significantly. We test six propositions that potentially explain why some companies undertake faster foreign market commitment than others. Suggested factors discriminating between a fast and a slow foreign...