A two-tier climate club exploits the comparative advantage of large countries to mete out punishments through trade, while taking their capacity to resist punishment as a constraint. Countries outside the coalition price carbon at a fixed fraction of the average carbon price adopted within the...

The negotiations for a global climate agreement recognize that substantial and additional funds need to be generated for assisting adaptation in developing countries. Currently, the 2% adaptation levy (AL) on the clean development mechanism (CDM) is intended to serve this purpose under the Kyoto...

Part 1. Background to the Climate Problem -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Climate Challenge and its Consequences -- 3. Climate Protection Problems and Options for Action -- 4. Global Warming Perspectives -- 5. Perspectives on the Climate Debate and International Economic Aspects -- 6. The Wrong...