The author argues that the reasonableness of investors' expectations should be based in part on socio-economic conditions in the host country at the time of the investment. While political risk analysis cannot guarantee specific outcomes, it can provide investors and tribunals with an analytical...

The surge of economic nationalism and cross-border technology investments foreshadows disputes between inbound investors and host governments. While cross-border technology transfer is essential for economic development in many countries, host governments retain the right to safeguard citizens...

The condition of a host country's investment climate is a significant factor in determining liability and the amount of damages in investor-state disputes. Conflicting assessment methods can create differences amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars in the final award. Existing methods are...