In the Gebhard judgement the European Court of Justice has formulated the requirements which must be satisfied for self-regulatory restrictions on entry (such as the protection of titles and compulsory membership of public professional bodies) to be compatible with the fundamental freedoms...

In this paper, we analyse tax harmonisation in the framework of two asymmetric countries, differing with respect to their capital-labour endowments. In the first part, we analyse how national fiscal policies are decided when countries play a non-cooperative game. At the Nash equilibrium,...

Data from the EEC from 1968-1983 do not support the view that regional trading arrangements necessarily lead to increased endogenous protectionism toward outside countries. This paper applies previous theoretical work by both authors on the theory of endogenous protection and endogenous free...

We now know that the (re)discovery of corporatism in the mid-1970s was ironic. At the very moment that academics started using the concept to analyse trends in advanced capitalist societies, the practice had already peaked and it continued to decline during the 1980s. Then, just as many...

Europe is first and foremost urban. In the 1990s, cities emerge stronger on the European scene; they wish to become attractive to people and capital. Winning the battle of sustainability is central to this effort, and presupposes a thorough understanding of this frequently used term, with...

This article considers the economic and environmental (in terms of CO2) effects of national energy policies in a European Single Market for electricity. It was found that the combined CO2/Energy-tax proposed by the European Commission would be able to stabilise the current volume of...

Starting from CO2 emissions data collected during both the production phase and during the lifetime of cars and trucks, we argue that impressive opportunities to reduce emissions can be found in the consumption phase. It is however obvious that energy taxes alone will not lead to a strong...