We evaluate the performance of the Conditional Autoencoder (CAE) model by Gu et al. (2021) in an international context and under economic constraints, such as the exclusion of microcap and illiquid firms, and accounting for transaction costs. The CAE model leverages latent factors and factor...

We evaluate the performance of the Conditional Autoencoder (CAE) model by Gu et al. (2021) in an international context and under economic constraints, such as the exclusion of microcap and illiquid firms, and accounting for transaction costs. The CAE model leverages latent factors and factor...

Many funds have “ESG” in their names, suggesting they hold a portfolio of stocks or other assets issued by firms that rank highly on ESG criteria. However, names may be misleading and actual portfolio holdings often do not reflect ESG investing criteria so that the investor in such funds...

Purpose Stirred by scant regard for market phases in portfolio performance assessments, the current paper investigates the active versus passive investment strategies under the bull and bear market conditions in emerging markets focusing on South Africa as a case study....

Studies of intermediated arbitrage argue that bank balance sheets are an important consideration, yet little evidence exists on banks' positioning in this context. Using confidential supervisory data (covering $25 trillion in daily notional exposures) we examine banks' positions in connection...

Probabilities of default (PDs) of loans are of central importance for financial stability. We analyze the PDs, reported quarterly by German financial institutions to Deutsche Bundesbank. The development of PDs is modelled as an AR process of PD changes and an initial PD. Panel regressions show...