The Kyoto Protocol aims to limit aggregate carbon emissions by participating countries to 1990 emissions levels in aggregate. It also allows for the creation of a permit market in which countries will be able to buy and sell the right to emit carbon dioxide. This paper investigates how market...

A common concern about social protection programmes is that the transfers they provide may create disincentives for work. By raising incomes, transfer payments may encourage households to seek more leisure time and reduce their participation in the labour force or the number of hours worked,...

Em muitos Programas de Transferência Condicionada (PTCs) de renda no mundo ? inclusive no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) do Brasil ? as transferências de renda são destinadas, preferencialmente, às mulheres. Esta característica foi motivada por pesquisas anteriores, que demonstraram que um...

El Programa Bolsa Familia y la Oferta de Trabajo en las Familias

Bolsa Família and Household Labour Supply

IFPRI and the Fundación Salvadoreña para El Desarrollo Económico y Social (FUSADES) collaborated between 2007 and 2010 to evaluate the impacts of the Comunidades Solidarias Rurales (CSR) programme in El Salvador. CSR includes two types of conditional transfers: an education and a health...

This paper provides evidence regarding gains to agricultural market liberalization in China. We empirically identify the different effects that incentive reforms and gradual market liberalization have on China's agricultural economy during its transition period. We find that average gains within...

Covering both qualitative and quantitative topics, the expert contributors in this Handbook explore fundamental issues of scientific logic, methodology and methods, through to practical applications of different techniques and approaches in migration research.