Problem definition: We investigate variations of the bullwhip effect of foreign subsidiaries and explore how it is affected by various features of foreign subsidiaries. Academic/practical relevance: During the era of global supply chain restructuring, researchers and executives of multinational...

In this study, we resolve a dilemma in the staffing policies of foreign subsidiaries in culturally distant countries---whether to deploy more expatriates from the home country or hire more local employees from the host country's local labor market. To this end, we adopt a novel approach by...

We examine the operations, fairness, and social implications of fair trade certified products. We consider the market for fair trade certified products, which may serve as a substitute to a regular product. A fair trade organization chooses standards for the certification, namely, the (unit)...