Though operating in some form or another for over half a century, sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) did not become an object of general attention until the early part of the 21st century when a combination of the need of developed states for investment and the growing acceptability of state...

Within the sphere of multilateral development banks' (MDB) dispute settlement, the accountability system is one stellar important development. It is essentially MDBs' legal efforts to address complaints made by people adversely affected by an MDB-funded project. Such complaints arise from...

The requirement that a grantee of a government-granted franchise use that franchise was a widespread assumption in all western legal regimes since the thirteenth century. In particular, intellectual property (IP) had reduction to practice or working requirements which have now faded from the...

The OECD Programme of Work on the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy encompasses a so-called GloBE (Global Base Erosion) or Pillar 2 proposal, consisting in a series of measures aimed at establishing a floor to tax competition by achieving minimum taxation in all...

The present international tax rules are typically justified by origin-based theories. These theories align countries' tax entitlements with the geographical location of the economic factors that contribute to the creation of income. Two recent phenomena have rendered origin-based approaches...

The purpose of this article is to explore to what extent EU State aid rules may promote equity in international corporate taxation, whereby we focus on the notion of inter taxpayer equity. Upon the outlining of the analytical framework necessary to conduct such inquiry, we briefly describe the...

The present paper deals with the question how to tax multinational corporate groups in order to reduce inequality. Since inequality is abstract, it is necessary to interpret it, which implies referring to ethical concepts and theories. Ethical concepts argue that companies should generally be...

The papers attached to this working paper issue concern inequality within the international tax regime which results in a broader inclusion of topics. Inequality in itself is a both abstract and diverse concept, even more so when placed in the international tax context. Research concerning such...

This paper elaborates on a fundamental transformation of maritime law. On the basis of statistics it is argued that the London Maritime Arbitration Association (LMAA) has become the dominant provider on the global market for dispute resolution in the maritime industry, but currently is...

China could not have achieved its economic growth in a vacuum of legal development. But its legal system is facing unprecedented challenges brought about by vast social changes and the country's increasingly deep integration with the rest of the world. One such challenge is the sudden...