Der Landtag in Nordrhein-Westfalen hat jüngst beschlossen, bei der kommunalen Wirtschaftstätigkeit den privaten vor staatlichen Unternehmen Vorrang zu geben. Dies geht in die gleiche Richtung wie die Vorgaben der EU-Kommission zur Beihilfenkontrolle. Wie lässt sich staatliche...

In Deutschland wird anders als in den übrigen Industriestaaten heftig über das Für und Wider von Mindestlöhnen diskutiert. Wie wird die Diskussion theoretisch untermauert? Wie wirken sich Mindestlöhne auf Beschäftigung und Lohnniveau aus? Kann Armut durch die Festlegung von Mindestlöhnen...

The paper examines how the long-run inflation-unemployment tradeoff depends on the degree to which wage-price decisions are backward- versus forward-looking. When economic agents, facing time-contingent, staggered nominal contracts, have a positive rate of time preference, the current wage and...

In this paper, we argue that the observed difference in the cost of intraday and overnight liquidity is part of an optimal payments system design. In our environment, the interest charged on overnight liquidity affects output, while the cost of intraday liquidity only affects the distribution of...

We develop a parsimonious model of the interbank payment system to study congestion and the role of liquidity markets in alleviating congestion. The model incorporates an endogenous instruction arrival process, scale-free topology of payments between banks, fixed total liquidity that limits...

We study the incentives of participants in a real-time gross settlement system with and without the addition of a liquidity-saving mechanism (queue). Participants in our model face a liquidity shock and different costs for delaying payments. They trade off the cost of delaying a payment against...

This paper analyzes the welfare implications of international spillovers related to productivity gains, changes in market size, or government spending. We introduce trade costs and endogenous varieties in a two-country general-equilibrium model with monopolistic competition, drawing a...

This paper proposes a simple framework for analyzing a continuum of monetary policy rules characterized by differing degrees of credibility, in which commitment and discretion become special cases of what we call quasi commitment. The monetary policy authority is assumed to formulate optimal...

We present a dynamic contracting model in which the principal and the agent disagree about the resolution of uncertainty, and we illustrate the contract design in an application with Bayesian learning. The disagreement creates gains from trade that the principal realizes by transferring payment...