experimental drugs. Whatever decision criterion one uses, there is always some probability that random variation in trial outcomes … defers to standard care as the status quo. To evaluate decision criteria, we use the concept of near optimality, which … jointly considers the probability and magnitude of decision errors. An appealing decision criterion from this perspective is …

errors in decision making are inevitable. Moreover, under the appropriate conditions, these decisions are random conditional … situations than would be possible with randomized control trials. This point is illustrated with data from medical decision …

errors in decision making are inevitable. Moreover, under the appropriate conditions, these decisions are random conditional … situations than would be possible with randomized control trials. This point is illustrated with data from medical decision …