English Abstract: 1. Introduction. 1.1. The empirical model of the small closed capital company and the type of the s.r.l. 2. Amendments to the rules of the private limited liability company and start up.3. New corporate models for start-ups. 4. Italian limited liability companies. 4.1....

One of the most puzzling aspects of executive compensation is the pay gap that exists between American and foreign Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Commentators and the financial press have been quick to argue that such differences are the result of high agency costs, or "board capture," a...

India has a very advanced G-sec market, but its corporate bond market is relatively under developed. Size of the corporate debt market is infinitesimal compared to the world debt market. There are seven registered credit rating agencies (CRAs) in India which rate debt securities out of which...

Direct selling (DS) is simultaneously a business model, a channel of distribution, and an activity engaged in by its distributors. In this paper, we provide a framework for analyzing and discuss academic research on the DS distribution model.We focus in particular on research that develops...

Direct selling (DS) is a long-standing and legal retail distribution channel whose distributors act as retail salespeople, sales managers, and personal consumers of the firm’s products. The FTC, state Attorneys General, and other plaintiffs prosecute firms they argue operate illegal pyramid...

The structure of the EU financial sector is changing as a result of regulatory reforms and firms, including so-called BigTechs, increasingly leveraging data access, analytical capability and innovative delivery mechanisms to market and distribute new bundles of financial and non-financial...

The rise of fintech has attracted increased attention from investors, entrepreneurs, existing financial-sector participants and regulators. Fintech has many potential benefits and it could transform banking, lending, payments, investing and other financial services through the internet,...

Gender diversity in corporate governance is a highly debated issue worldwide. National campaigns such as “2020 Women on Boards” in the United States and “Women on the Board Pledge for Europe” are examples of just two initiatives aimed at increasing female representation in the corporate...

Consumer participation in the entrepreneurial “gig economy” is now a common occurrence. The gig economy is characterized by flexible jobs, here called voluntary business arrangements (VBAs), filled by independent contractors and freelancers who work part-time or in temporary positions. The...

This paper introduces the concept of false and misleading statements or omissions regarding companies in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, based on court decisions. Due to essential problem of stock market, “asymmetry of information,” if company’s public statements about material...