International investing and trade has one unintended consequence; namely, the creation of currency risk which causes the local currency value of the foreign receivables or investments to fluctuate dramatically because of pure currency movements. The academic literature on currencies has typically...

As with all countries around the world, the ageing of Japanese society is putting severe pressure on the public pension system. The Japanese system is complex with a basic pension for all citizens, but different forms of additional support for self employed, private sector and public sector...

We have developed a permanent solution to Social Security’s problem of maintaining current benefits levels and stable contribution rates.