Econometric analyses of treatment response commonly use instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. Yet the credibility of IV assumptions is often a matter of considerable disagreement, with much debate about whether some covariate is or is not a "valid instrument" in...

Despite dozens of studies, research on crime in the United States has struggled to reach consensus about the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) gun laws. Empirical results are highly sensitive to seemingly minor variations in the data and model. How then should research proceed? We think that policy...

This study examined the use of physician, inpatient hospital, home health, and outpatient surgery for Americans more than 50 years of age. The study found that overall health and changes in health are more strongly correlated with seeking and using health care over time than financial status or...

This article considers the effect of changing household wealth on changes in utilization.

This article considers differences in dental use by wealth levels across households.