While most of these blockchain-based organizations have been—thus far—developed mostly to facilitate the coordination of individuals in the digital world, the possibilities provided by these new organisational structures can also be found in the physical world. Cities, municipalities and...

Blockchains are a new digital technology that combines peer-to-peer network computing and cryptography to create an immutable decentralised public ledger. When the ledger records money, a blockchain is a cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin. But ledger entries can record any data structure, including...

Bitcoin is a decentralised currency and payment system that seeks to eliminate the need for trusted authorities. It relies on a peer-to-peer network and cryptographic protocols to perform the functions of traditional financial intermediaries, such as verifying transactions and preserving the...

Cloud Computing enables the dynamic provision of resources on-demand over the Internet. The key advantage for users is that data becomes accessible from anywhere and at any time. However, to the extent that they lose control over the infrastructure, users can no longer control the way data can...

Another notable example of how copyright enforcement has moved well beyond addressing specific infringing content or individuals into Internet governance-based infrastructural enforcement is the graduated response method, terminating the Internet access of individuals that (allegedly and)...

Commons-based peer-production (CBPP) constitutes today an important driver for innovation, social and cultural development, both online and offline, through the establishment of an alternative, commons-based ecosystem, relying on peer-production and collaboration amongst peers contributing...

Licensing debates abound in the “free culture” academic discussion, but we believe much of it suffers from one of two problems. First, restricting themselves to a purely technical, legalistic approach; this kind of approach is important and necessary for improving licenses, but it is not...

Decentralized architectures are gaining popularity as a way to protect one’s privacy against the ubiquitous surveillance of states and corporations. Yet, in spite of the obvious benefits they provide when it comes to data sovereignty, decentralized architectures also present certain...

Internet and digital technologies allowed for the emergence of new modes of production involving cooperation and collaboration amongst peers (peer production) and oriented towards the maximization of the common good as opposed to the maximization of profits. To ensure that content will always...

This paper shows how some MEV practices, resulting in unfair appropriation of the value created by all users, by a small set of blockchains actors is similar to free-riding. In particular we demonstrate that this new form of free-riding is made possible precisely by the design of blockchains...