Under the influence of climate-related extremes, the world is exposed to more and more catastrophe risks. Regulation by insurance may help realize the goal of mitigating catastrophe risk and the following losses. I explore five regulatory tools — risk-based pricing, contract design, loss...

The paper analyzes the scope for the private market for pandemic insurance and discusses the potential role of the financial market and the government. Building on a premise that pandemics are classified as catastrophic risks by the insurance industry, we start by providing a framework that...

The recent development of indexed catastrophe (CAT) securities is a concern in the insurance literature. We refer to the two existing prominent explanations as the systematic risk approach and the moral hazard approach. Under the systematic risk approach, the systematic risk portion is hedged by...

Natural catastrophe risk is increasingly covered through alternative capital instead of classical reinsurance. As most instruments in this space do not trade in a secondary market, their ongoing valuation poses a challenge to investors. We suggest extracting pricing information contained in...