The use of computers to execute trades, often with very low latency, has increased over time, resulting in a variety of computer algorithms executing electronically targeted trading strategies at high speed. We describe the evolution of increasingly fast automated trading over the past decade...

We study the interaction between ETF rebalancing and hedge fund “front-running” trades and its implications for the capital market. First, we document that ETF rebalancing has a strong negative relation with future stock returns. Second, we observe that hedge funds gradually increase...

Colocation services offered by stock exchanges enable market participants to achieve execution costs for large orders that are substantially lower and less sensitive to transacting against high-frequency traders. However, these benefits manifest only for orders executed on the colocated brokers'...

We study passive funds' conflicts of interest by examining their securities lending decisions. We show that passive funds' lending varies with the costs of lending for their families. Passive funds are less likely to lend a security if (i) active funds in their families have a sizable stake in...

High-frequency trading has become a dominant force in the U.S. capital market, accounting for over 70% of dollar trading volume. This study examines the implication of high-frequency trading for stock price volatility and price discovery. I find that high-frequency trading is positively...

We examine the trading behavior of institutional investors in the Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) market from 1993 to 2007. We concentrate on the relation between cross-sectional institutional ETF ownership and returns, particularly on the relation between changes in ownership and future returns,...

In this study, we analyze the information content of the TXO market using decoupled O/S ratio. First, we find that, among four classes of traders, only foreign institutional investors have significant predictive power in the TXO market, thereby providing evidence that foreign investor flows do...

We propose and estimate a structural model of daily stock market activity to test competing theories of trading volume. The model features informed rational speculators and uninformed agents who trade either to hedge endowment shocks or to speculate on perceived information. To identify the...

The interplay between investors' demand and providers' incentives has shaped the evolution of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). While early ETFs offered diversification at low cost, later ETFs track niche portfolios and charge high fees. Strikingly, over their first five years, specialized ETFs lose...

Based on data on users' daily adoption of securities service mobile applications, we measure investors' financial attention frequency, which reflects how often they use such apps, to obtain information on their frequency of opening these apps and online duration. We find that financial attention...