manufacturing firms. First, there is a negative correlation between firms' productivity and their export share to low … found between the share of exports to lowincome countries and either productivity or R&D intensity is never in line with the …

spillovers - which are supposed to affect productivity levels of other firms in a host country. Empirical results on this topic …' productivity levels. The impact is assessed as an average effect for the full set of countries as well as for each economy …

incumbents. In this paper, we use a detailed plant-level dataset to study the impact on productivity of two reforms (initiated in … reduction in tariff rates. First, we examine the effect of the liberalization policies on mean plant-level productivity in the … targeted industries. We find significant increases in productivity in the FDI and tariff-liberalized industries, particularly …

productivity and competitiveness in today's liberal economic and political environment, we argued that the traditional government …

productivity for a sample of 33 developing countries over the period 1980-2005. Using panel cointegration techniques, we find that …: (i) outward FDI has, on average, a positive long-run effect on total factor productivity in developing countries, (ii …) increased factor productivity is both consequence and a cause of increased outward FDI, and (iii) there are large differences in …