This is the introduction to the Manchester Journal of International Economic Law Symposium Issue based on selected papers presented at the Fourth Biennial Conference of the African International Economic Law Network at Strathmore Law School, Nairobi, Kenya in July 2019. The introduction also...

The signature of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement during the 10th Extraordinary Summit of the African Union (AU) Assembly of Heads of State and Government held on 21 March 2018, in Kigali, Rwanda, marks a decisive turn in African regional economic integration. After...

Services liberalisation has gradually become very important for growth in developed and less-developed countries alike and can, as such, be seen as development prospects for sub-Saharan Africa where numerous economic integration attempts are stories of repeated failures. Despite the abundant...

The multilateral trading system that emerged in the post-World War II period was mainly a creation by and for developed countries to address protectionist measures adopted in the 1930s. The events that marked the interwar period were characterised by both economic and political challenges that...

The United Kingdom (UK) officially left the European Union (EU) in January 2020. While the nature of its future relations with the rest of the EU Members is couched in a Trade and Cooperation Agreement concluded in extremis in December 2020, it will cease to be part of several agreements...

Domestic laws on the African continent have been considered inadequate to attract the investment needed for development and economic growth. A crucial catalyst in attracting investment on the continent is law reform. The formulation of legislation has twofold effects: firstly, it is perceived to...

The purpose of this paper is to show how the pattern of trade relations between the United States and African countries is gradually moving from unilateralism towards reciprocity. It therefore demonstrates that the AGOA was conceived to be a building block toward future bilateral trade...

The fact that Doha Round negotiations failed to deliver their promises, coupled with the recent surge of free trade agreements, have created both a time of uncertainty and a heightened focus of international economic law scholarship on the implications of the issues creating this uncertainty....