In vivo conversion is a process, often metabolic in nature, wherein one substance, usually a chemical compound, is altered significantly by physiological pathways in the body into one or more different substances. For example, when a patient ingests a therapeutic drug, that drug is often...

Numerous arguments have been raised to halt the death penalty, including constitutional claims such as ineffective assistance of counsel, equal protection, right to trial by jury, and cruel and unusual punishment. The winning argument, however, in Evans v. State, a Maryland death penalty appeal,...

This essay deals with one of the persistent problems in the law of negotiable instruments, namely the practice-originated legal phenomenon of so called quasi-instruments (it focuses on quasi-checks and deals also with quasi-notes.) First, it supplies a formal definition for quasi-instruments. It...

Clinical legal education is one of the most exciting and well-accepted innovations in legal education during the 20th Century. This article defines what the author means by clinical legal education and discusses its world-wide dissemination, primarily through foundations and government funding:...

Abstract: Legal interpretation in the United States changed dramatically between 1930 and 1950. The Great Depression and World War II unleashed radical critique (particularly prior to the war). Legal realism proposed radical new methods of legal interpretation to try to meet the challenges of...

The United States has long been a country of prohibitions, with the most memorable prohibition in American history being the ban on alcohol sales in 1920, which lasted until the ratification of the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. While the federal ban on alcohol has long since been...

This chapter considers the landmark status of the House of Lords in Thorner v Major [2009] UKHL 18, understanding it as an example of story-telling in the law. The chapter explores the issues surrounding the equitable doctrine of proprietary estoppel, as it applies in particular in the context...

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 (42 U.S.C. § 1981) protects against racial discrimination in the making and enforcement of contracts. Section 1981 provides that all people have the same right to make and enforce contracts as is enjoyed by white citizens. Plaintiffs bringing a Section 1981 claim...

In the early morning hours of June 12, 2016, a hate-filled man calmly opened fire on the patrons of the Pulse nightclub in downtown Orlando, Florida. Over the next three hours, he killed 49 men and women who had been celebrating Latin Night at the gay club. Fifty-three persons were wounded. The...