evolution of confirmation bias can lead to more pandering before the first election. Finally, we show that when confirmation …This paper considers the implications of an important cognitive bias in information processing, confirmation bias, in a … political agency setting. In the baseline two-period case where only the politician's actions are observable before the election …

We develop a tractable theory to study the impact of biased media on election outcomes, voter turnout and welfare. News … rise in media bias affects the election outcome in a non-monotonic way, and reduces voter welfare by decreasing the … elections, the former determines the election outcome, whereas the latter drives voter turnout. With a single media outlet, a …

influence the election outcome by manipulating public information about a payoff relevant state. We allow for a wide class of …'s preference and voting rules. Finally, we apply our results to study the welfare impacts of media bias and competition and show …

in terms of how it allows publication of intermediate election results including turnout and candidates' vote shares … during an election day. Using a pivotal costly voting model of elections in which voters have privately observed preferences …

. Such an election might be a pure farce, with the incumbents getting close to 100% of the vote. In other instances … a fair election allows him to signal his popularity to the people. After casting their vote, heterogeneous citizens …

choice of an electorate from a set of individuals that communicate with each other via a social network before the election …

We demonstrate that a candidate competing in an asymmetric Tullock election contest may prefer that their rival … function of the competitiveness of the election …