We examine whether and to what extent managers are evaluated, in their relative performance contracts, on the basis of … contracts and used by market participants to evaluate managers, we document that 60% of firms—those that choose specific peers …

comprehensive income in a performance statement. Our empirical evidence on a broad cross-section of firms shows that managers with …, managers act as if they believe that comprehensive income reporting location matters …

by high-ability managers; and, 3) Disclose non-GAAP earnings more aggressively. Importantly, we also find that these … insider sales enable managers to avoid statistically significant negative abnormal returns. Our research demonstrates the …

Performance-based pay is an important instrument to align the interests of managers with the interests of shareholders …. However, recent evidence suggests that high-powered incentives also provide managers with incentives to manipulate the firm …'s reported earnings. The previous literature has focused primarily on Chief Executive Officers, but managers further down in the …

greater is the investment in R&D. Strategic managers seek and cultivate growth opportunities to resolve the uncertainty …