This paper documents significant differences in the impacts the war in Aceh had on ex-combatants and civilians and how these differences shaped the post-war decision-making processes of their households. Because of the overwhelming percentage of the ex-combatant population in rural areas (over...

This paper documents significant differences in the impacts the war in Aceh had on ex-combatants and civilians and how these differences shaped the post-war decision-making processes of their households. Because of the overwhelming percentage of the ex-combatant population in rural areas (over...

When do armed groups choose to engage in or disengage from ethnic conflicts? In this paper, I argue that variation in sources of funding (from donation or taxation) can help to explain the strategic decisions by armed groups to fight or not fight in ethnic conflicts. I also argue that the...

Malaysia has a federal structure that suggests substantial decentralization. In practice, however, the autonomy of subnational tiers has been systematically undermined through a range of mechanisms examined in this paper, creating a system that is highly centralized in practice. With power...

List experiments are a widely used survey technique for estimating the prevalence of socially sensitive attitudes or behaviors. Their design, however, makes them vulnerable to bias: because treatment group respondents see a greater number of items (J+1) than control group respondents (J), the...

The People's Action Party (PAP) of Singapore is one of the world's longest ruling dominant parties, having won every general election since the country's independence in 1965. Why do Singaporeans consistently vote for the PAP, contrary to the expectations of theories of democratization? We argue...

Decades of dominant party rule in Malaysia unexpectedly ended when UMNO and its Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition lost the 2018 election despite extensive electoral manipulations, including new electoral boundaries designed to produce a BN victory in defiance of flagging popular support. We use...

Malaysia’s electoral process is among the most extensively manipulated in the world. In nearly every aspect, the process is biased towards the dominant UMNO-led coalition and towards the narrow segment of the electorate from which UMNO draws much of its electoral support. This has had the...