The paper presents trade policy as in line with that of other continental European powers, with a move to moderate levels of tariff protection for politically sensitive sectors such as steel and textiles and clothing, but also in agriculture, with levels of protection falling slightly before the...

We show that smaller, regional public financial intermediaries significantly contributed to industrial development, using a new data set of the foundation year and location of Prussian savings banks. This extends the banking-growth nexus beyond its traditional focus on the large universal banks,...

In this article, I use documents obtained from the NatWest Group archives to examine the work of Alexander Shand as a director of Parr's Bank during the period 1909-1918. A Scottish banker, Alexander Shand was recruited by the Japanese government early in his career to instruct Japanese...

The relationship of companies in the maritime economy to banks has been neglected by researchers. While this is surprising, specific financing techniques in ship financing can be found. In addition, the topic has a high degree of currency: the relationship of shipping companies and shipyards to...

In our paper we attempt to present the early phase in the history of Hungary's banking supervision, from the second half of the 19th century until the early 20th century, i.e. up to and including the establishment of the Pénzintézeti Központ (1916). As a consequence of the peculiar...

On the occasion of the centenary of the Pénzintézeti Központ's establishment in 1916 as the first integrated supervisory “top-level organisation”, this study endeavours to outline the historical background and the stages of the formation of the institution, starting in the second half of...

Do investors reach for yield when interest rates are low, and how does this behavior influence house prices? This paper uses the unique setting of 17th-18th century Amsterdam to answer this question, using newly-collected archival data on investment portfolios and the universe of property...

Despite his prominence in the socio-political debate on the German housing market before the First World War, Rudolph Eberstadt's (1856-1922) concept of speculation is largely ignored today by German scholars of economics and economic history. Accordingly, speculative operations on markets are...

The relationship of companies in the maritime economy to banks has been neglected by researchers. While this is surprising, specific financing techniques in ship financing can be found. In addition, the topic has a high degree of currency: the relationship of shipping companies and shipyards to...

Applying insights from recent literature on the financial behaviour of poor households in developing countries to the nineteenth-century Netherlands, we show that micro finance type institutions failed to alleviate the country¡¯s persistent poverty for the same reasons found today. The...