We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries …. Our data come from the Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs, a random sample of firms with detailed information on owner … characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 …

innovation. This recognition is important because it suggests that to be effective, an economy's entrepreneurship policy … entrepreneurship. This system consists of both economylevel institutional conditions, as well as the resource and knowledge dynamics …

maintain an invention as a trade secret or seek a patent and disclose to the public the details of the invention. However, a … handful of scholars have recognized that because the patent disclosure requirements are not always rigorous, inventors may … sometimes be able to keep certain aspects of an invention secret, yet still receive a patent to the invention as a whole. Here …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

We provide causal evidence of the effects of patent scope and review times on startups and externalities on their … rivals. We leverage the quasi-random assignment of patent applications to examiners and unique data on all first …-time applications filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office since 2001. We find that patent grant delays reduce a startup …

on startup companies and the patent system. The study consisted of a survey, which led to primarily quantitative data, as … overriding characterization of how startups use and are affected by the patent system …

capabilities. Accordingly, entrepreneurship policy should encourage start-ups to build both technological and marketing …