We show that municipal bond markets began pricing sea level rise (SLR) exposure at the end of 2011, coinciding with upward revisions of SLR projections. The effect is present across maturities and is concentrated on the East and Gulf coasts, where storm risk is greatest. We apply a structural...

We examine how Moody's ratings scale recalibration in 2010, which has been linked to higher county-level government spending and income, affects income and population distributions. We find that the recalibration decreases median and average per capita income and increases income inequality and...

We find that areas hosting large companies that go public experience muted growth in employment, establishments, and population, relative to areas where similar firms remain private. These effects initiate in the tradable sector and follow in the non-tradable sector, are more pronounced in...

Municipal bond markets begin pricing sea level rise (SLR) exposure risk in 2013, coinciding with upward revisions to worst-case SLR projections and accompanying uncertainty around these projections. The effect is larger for long-maturity bonds and is not solely driven by near-term flood risk. We...

Migration patterns in the United States changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that COVID-induced migration predicts municipal bond yield spreads, particularly for lower-rated bonds and areas experiencing larger than usual population outflows. Analyzing this effect across the...

We examine how coordination between elected officials and voters impacts local governments' borrowing costs. Using the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as an identifying shock that implicitly raised the cost of local public goods for residents, we show in a difference-in-differences framework that the...

Climate change presents global externalities, leading private markets to underinvest in climate change solutions. The key insight of this paper is that some private market participants, namely large oil and gas (O&G) firms, are in a position to internalize important climate change externalities...

We provide evidence that existing studies relating financial condition to product market cooperation produce mixed results because of unique features of the industries examined. In particular, all evidence suggesting that poor financial condition decreases cooperation comes from the airline...