This is an advanced unedited manuscript version of a paper to be published. It addresses the interplay between WTO dispute settlement and dispute settlement within a preferential or regional trade agreement

Most specific trade concerns (STCs), which are raised before the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Committee), disappear from the TBT Committee's meeting agendas without escalating into formal disputes. At the same time, a relatively small number of TBT-related disputes have been...

WTO arbitrators rely on economics to establish the permissible retaliation limits authorized by the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) which arguably serves to enforce the overall agreement. We examine how theoretical and quantitative economic analysis has and can be used in this stage of...

The paper discusses, whether WTO dispute settlement can be seen to function as an actor in international environmental law & policy. In conclusion, it is submitted, that WTO cases had important implications on international environmental law. However, WTO dispute settlement is far from taking an...

On 1 January 1995, the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) entered into force. During its first ten years, the DSU has since been applied to 324 complaints - more cases than dispute settlement under the GATT 1947 had dealt with in nearly five decades....

Throughout the course of the DSU Review, Members and commentators alike have proposed numerous modifications to the WTO DSU covering a wide range of areas. One area which has received quite a bit of attention is that of retaliatory measures in the implementation phase of the dispute settlement...

In this essay I seek answers to the following questions: why is it so difficult to resolve international trade disputes caused by domestic health risk regulation against a foreign food; why does the WTO legal system not work very well in solving the disputes; and what might be done to resolve the...