This paper examines how forfeiture, vesting, and early exercise affect the value of employee stock options. The forfeiture and exogenous exercise of the options are modeled as two Poisson processes with constant intensity. Rational exercise by the employee due to the option's American feature is...

The revolving credit line is the dominant form of commercial bank lending. We present an arbitrage-free valuation method incorporating a borrower's stochastic credit quality and drawdown behavior. Credit exposure is measured by the size of fixed balance loan of identical term having the same...

This paper examines the effects of executive compensation and potential for earnings management on the incidence of shareholder class action lawsuits and their outcomes. Although damage measurement factors,managerial option intensity, and earnings management all significantly affect the...