International shipping carries around 80 percent of global trade by volume and produces between 1.6 percent and 3 … emission control is needed. Since emissions from international shipping are being produced principally in high seas, states … find it particularly difficult to regulate. International shipping emissions were not included in the United Nations …

containerization and breakbulk shipping using micro-level trade data. The model is motivated by novel facts that relate container usage …, the box decreases variable shipping costs between 16 to 22 percent. The box explains a significant amount of the global …

Ã...land, a small autonomous island province of Finland with 28,000 inhabitants, is base for commercial shipping … euros and capital income of 275 million euros (2009). In the same year, gross sales of the shipping sector amounted to more … factor for shipping is the EU-sanctioned system of subsidies for crewing costs that decreases the manning cost of domestic …

Ports and shipping have been in the spotlight in 2021 with surging demand, skyrocketing freight rates and week … developments in international shipping and the potential for maritime transport as an early indicator for commodity trade. The …