The World Trade Organisation Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) has created the most comprehensive plurilateral system for procurement-related trade liberalisation. However, there has been a proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) regulating public procurement liberalisation, including...

Governments may exclude vendors from procurement awards for many reasons, including poor performance and corruption. Excluding a vendor, whether from a particular procurement (deciding that the vendor is not qualified for award) or from an entire procurement system (suspending or debarring the...

This paper analyzes the rules and administrative practice concerning the selection, weighting and application of award criteria in public procurement procedures under Spanish law. It also touches upon the issue of challenges against award decisions, and the screening of abnormally low bids after...

Operation Car Wash began in 2014 and brought to light corruption schemes within public procurement. It prompted Brazil to intensify its legal crusade against corruption and improbity. Brazil improved enforcement of rules long ignored, and it adopted legislation to face the new challenges. The...

In the recent judgments rendered in the RAS v European Commission and Saremar v European Commission cases the General Court of the EU has considered the compatibility of compensation payment granted to provider of public service tasks with the State aid rules. Crucially, in order to comply with...

This paper analyses the most recent WTO Appellate Body (AB) report in a series of disputes between the U.S. and the EU over government support to aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Airbus. The measures under dispute in U.S. – Tax Incentives were investment promotion subsidies provided to Boeing...

Countries facing social issues related to the disabled apply various measures to solve them, including State aid. However, the application of these measures does not always enable them to achieve the goals of state policy or to improve indicators such as the integration of the disabled into the...

As the European Court of Justice rightly pointed out in the 1960’s, it makes little sense regulate national governments' provision of traditional subsidies to companies while leaving the option to grant financial benefits by other means unrestricted, for instance via the tax system. So, in...

Lockdowns imposed by the European Union (EU) Member States produced significant consequences in the form of losses to companies, which is why the Member States decided to assist businesses from public funds. This paper aims to identify and initially assess the implementation of schemes under...