The random sine-Gordon chain experiences a sharp crossover to an ordered state associated with the activation of a soliton gas. The spatial coherence of the stationary regimes has three well-defined scaling behaviors. At larger scales there is no correlation, reflecting the independence between...

We investigate a modified sine-Gordon equation which possesses soliton solutions with long-range interaction. We introduce a generalized version of the Ginzbug-Landau equation which supports long-range topological defects in D = 1 and D 1. The interaction force between the defects decays so...

Purpose - Fama-French model (FFM) has been successful in helping to predict the financial markets, but investors have been interested in creating more sophisticated models to better predict the performance of the stock market. The objective of the extended version is to create a more robust...