This paper does three things. First, based on a limited number of theoretically established dimensions, it proposes a new de facto indicator for the rule of law. It is the first such indicator to take the quality of legal norms explicitly into account. Second, using this indicator we shed new...

Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual enforcement (conviction rates) and enforcing...

This study shows that the "longer time horizon" argument proposed by Potrafke (2012) with regard to the negative effect of a higher national average cognitive ability on corruption holds only in countries with a relatively high quality of rule of law.