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Battling antibiotic resistance : can machine learning improve prescribing?

Ribers, Michael Allan; Ullrich, Hannes - 2019

Antibiotic resistance constitutes a major health threat. Predicting bacterial causes of infections is key to reducing antibiotic misuse, a leading driver of antibiotic resistance. We train a machine learning algorithm on administrative and microbiological laboratory data from Denmark to predict...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012022285

The US Supreme Court Issues First Ruling on Antitrust Legality of Reverse-Payment Drug Patent Settlements (Actavis)

Carrier, Michael A. - 2014

This short article summarizes FTC v. Actavis, the first case in which the Supreme Court analyzed the antitrust legality of agreements by which brand-name drug companies pay generics to settle patent litigation and delay entering the market. It concludes that the ruling must be counted as a win...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014155650

Decline of Public Sector Vaccine Manufacturing in India

Chaudhuri, Sudip - 2022

For COVID-19 vaccination India has primarily relied on two private firms. During the second wave of the pandemic, when shortages were reported in some parts of the country, when desperate attempts were made to scale up production, when exports were suspended, the absence of the public sector was...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013296997

Patents and the Pandemic : Intellectual Property, Social Contracts, and Access to Vaccines (2021 Distinguished Roger L. Shidler Lecture)

Lee, Peter - 2022

This Article is based on the 2021 Shidler Lecture, which was delivered at the University of Washington School of Law on November 4, 2021. Through enormous public support and private initiative, biopharmaceutical firms have developed safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in record time. These...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013297737

Calculating Private and Social Returns to COVID-19 Vaccine Innovation

Fink, Carsten - 2023

What is the return to COVID-19 vaccine innovation? This paper seeks to quantify both private and social returns, using available data on commercialized vaccines and certain assumptions about the pandemic’s epidemiological path as well as the economic costs of containment measures. The...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014357767

Advanced Purchase Commitments for a Malaria Vaccine : Estimating Costs and Effectiveness

Berndt, Ernst R.; Glennerster, Rachel; Kremer, Michael; … - 2015

To overcome the problem of insufficient research and development (R&D) on vaccines for diseases concentrated in low-income countries, sponsors could commit to purchase viable vaccines if and when they are developed. One or more sponsors would commit to a minimum price that would be paid per...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014065925

An Ounce of Prevention or a Pound of Cure? Short- and Long-Run Effects of Pharmaceutical Patents on U.S. Health Care Expenditures

Johnson, Hilary S.; Johnson, Daniel K. N. - 2014

driving the costs of pharmaceuticals, and develop a structured vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to measure the social rate …-run prices in pharmaceuticals themselves, but with lower long-run prices in the aggregate medical sector which includes … pharmaceuticals as a component part. Further, the TRIPS Agreement and Hatch-Waxman Act to enable generic competition have both been …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014209235

Evaluating the US pharmaceutical patent policy

Izhak, Olena; Saxell, Tanja; Takalo, Tuomas - 2021

The debate on whether COVID-19 vaccine patents are slowing down the pace of vaccination and the recovery from the crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012802183

Herd behavior in FDA committees : a structural approach

Newham, Melissa; Midjord, Rune - 2018

Many important decisions within public and private organizations are based on recommendations from expert committees and advisory boards. A notable example is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's advisory committees, which make recommendations on new drug applications. Previously the voting...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011880455

Chapter Thirteen. Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Biomedical Research, and Marketing of Patented Products

Goldman, Dana; Lakdawalla, Darius - In: Handbook of health economics : volume 2, (pp. 825-872). 2011

Intellectual property rights are viewed as essential to medical innovation, but very often involve social costs due to patent monopolies and other inefficiencies. We review the positive theory of innovation in health care, as it relates to the determination of innovation demand and supply. The...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014025575