Legal certainty, a feature of the rule of law, constitutes a requirement for the operational necessities of market interactions. But, the compatibility of the principle of legal certainty with ideals such as liberalism and free market economy must not lead to the hastened conclusion that...

On 27 June 2017, the European Commission fined Google €2.42 billion for “abusing dominance as search engine by giving illegal advantage to own comparison shopping service.” Allegedly, Google has algorithmically manipulated the search results of products in order to promote its own...

Law & Economics has evolved from a Western-originated movement to a worldwide intellectual paradigm whereby the economic analysis of law scrutinised not only upon the alleged efficiency of Western norms but also on the legal and institutional prerequisites for economic efficiency in the...

Antitrust populism – or the populist use of competition policies – is currently on the rise again. This is mainly due to the challenges brought about by the digital economy to traditional competition tools. From a normative perspective, the economics of competition law should avoid embarking...

In our submission, we argue that competition policy in the digital economy should be based on sound, theoretical underpinnings and rigorous, evidence-based analysis, best encapsulated in the “law and economics” approach. Despite many expressed fears to the contrary, digital markets are not...

Confidentiality of information is considered to be a basic business necessity in order to safeguard the business's strengths, competitive advantage, commercial value, economic status and market position. However, a business may often need to disclose confidential information to other...

Doubtless Brexit is one of the most important regulatory challenges for an entire country since the beginning of the XXIst century. Equally important are the implications in terms of costs and benefits of such democratic decision on the UK's economy and for its regulatory environment. So far,...