This study aimed to determine relationship between poverty intensity and livelihood assets classified as natural capital, human capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital in Barangay Lumbia, Cagayn de Oro City, Philippines. A total of 629 households were surveyed using the...

Income-based as well as most existing multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) assume equal distribution within the household and thus yield a biased assessment of individual poverty and poverty by age or gender. In this paper we first show that the direction of the bias depends on how these...

Ability-to-pay determinations are essential when governments use money-based alternative sanctions, like fines, to enforce laws. One longstanding difficulty in the U.S. has been the extreme lack of guidance on how courts are to determine a litigant's ability to pay. The result has been a...

Poverty in general is created by governmental mismanagement. The solution to the problem is the free enterprise system. Markets reduce poverty by promoting incentives and rational economic activity. Governments exacerbate it by attacking private property, regulating business, and through...

In this paper, we would like to know whether microfinance has effects on poverty reduction, and if the degree of these effects varies according to the sex of the beneficiaries. After a specification of the binary indicator of poverty, the propensity score method in two stages, which consists in...

Pro-poor growth has been identified as one of the most promising pathways to accelerate poverty reduction in developing countries. The diagnostic pro-poor growth toolbox has so far focused on the income dimension as well as key non-income achievements in education and health. This article...

Standard growth incidence curves describe how growth episodes impact on the overall income distribution. However, measuring the pro-poorness of the growth process is complex due to (i) measurement errors and (ii) effect shocks that may hit the percentiles of the income distribution in different...

Realistic poverty assessments necessitate high-quality household survey data. Such data provide the foundation for designing sound policies to sustainably reduce poverty. Despite of this, welfare measures from household surveys are often plagued by non-sampling errors in the form of non-response...

This paper joins in the debate on the size of the middle class in Latin America, providing an analysis of its structure and characteristics. Using several measurements, it finds that 40-60 percent of Latin American households are middle class, a share which has consolidated over the past decade....

This paper presents a comparative overview of mobility patterns in 14 Latin American countries between 1992 and 2003. Using three alternative econometric techniques on constructed pseudo-panels, the paper provides a set of estimators for the traditional notion of income mobility as well as for...