Purpose: This empirical analysis tries to examine determinants of private foreign direct investment (FDI) in Pakistan using the bounds test approach. Main determinants of FDI among them are the size of the market (Q) macroeconomic stability (r), political stability (PRS), real exchange rate...

Until recently, Islamic banks had weathered the current economic storm in large part due to the Islamic restriction against interest (i.e. the accumulation of wealth/capital derived solely from underlying capital). This paper outlines the central concepts of Islamic banking, and many of the...