advantage in the final stage. We examine such momentum in conflict scenarios and investigate how valuable it must be to avoid a …, rent dissipation in the two-stage conflict is equal across party whether or not an individual obtains first-stage momentum … as useful conflict benchmarks, they dissipate additional expected contest rents. This additional rent-dissipative toll …

Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …

contribution to the hypothesis that inflation is primarily caused by conflict, and b) reconcile the Post-Keynesian and New … conflict and without money. In the second section they incorporate the conflict hypothesis into a broader framework compatible … testability of the proposed framework. We also highlight the ideological roots of the "inflation as conflict" hypothesis and the …