Women contribute disproportionately to household production, especially in Southern European countries. As a …-production services. Immigrant labor has increasingly become a substitute for women labor in those services. Their presence, therefore …, may allow women over 55 to work more outside of the house and retire later. We use a unique database of Italian households …

by law or has a long enough duration to change the behaviour of men and women and shape the norms of the next generation …