This insightful study examines the decentralization experiences from 15 countries in different regions of the world. All of these countries have actively attempted to decentralize, or continue to do so, and have faced obstacles serious enough to either derail or significantly delay their...

With over 95% of Iraq’s government budget received from oil revenues, an agreeable inter-governmental framework for managing petroleum resources and for distributing revenues is aptly regarded as the lynchpin of federalism. Iraq has great potential to develop a fiscal framework, consistent...

This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of anti-competitive conduct in the context of two-sided platforms under Canadian competition law. Applying this framework, the paper analyzes two recent reviewable conduct applications by the Competition Commissioner – against Visa and...

The 2009 amendments to the Competition Act introduced administrative monetary penalties ("AMPs") for a finding of abuse of dominant position of up to $10 million for the first order, and a $15 million for each subsequent order. The quantum of such an AMP is to be determined according to a list...

New federal government carbon pricing regulations for electricity generators will reduce the average carbon cost for coal plants, while decreasing incentives for cleaner wind, solar and hydro projects, says a new report from the C.D. Howe Institute.As phase two of the carbon-pricing...

During the past decade of mounting global imbalances, many academics and policymakers have argued that the exchange rate of China's Renminbi – perceived by many as intentionally undervalued relative to the U.S. dollar – has contributed to China's substantial trade (and consequent current...