This paper examines theoretically and empirically the extent to which the decisions by foreign firms to invest in a group of countries are influenced by economic factors, as opposed to political risk and institutional factors. We test our hypotheses on 35 European countries by means of panel...

This paper examines the factors affecting bilateral Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stocks from 14 high income countries to 31 OECD countries over the period 1995-2015. We specifically emphasise the effect of regional trade agreements such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free...

This study investigates the extent to which diplomatic relations affected merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the European Union during the years 2001- 2019. Implementing a gravity model, we find a U-inverted relationship between diplomatic distance and M&A activities: (i) a worsening in...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in advanced business services (ABSs), referred to here as the offshoring of white-collar jobs, has become one of the major developments in the operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). However, a specific theoretical approach to this phenomenon has not been...

This paper studies the role of business sentiment in the decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) to undertake foreign direct investment (FDI) across European Union (EU) member states. Based on the knowledge-capital model, the study employs the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML)...

As our societies face new challenges and make new demands from policies addressing international investment, there is a new urgency to profoundly reconsider treaties addressing investment. This paper was prepared originally as background for initial inter-governmental and public discussions at...

The working paper concerns the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) and its climate provision. It addresses the “When”, “Where”, and “How”. The “When” concerns when the CAI may enter into force. The paper provides an overview of some of the current issues that may...

The UK has made major contributions to the development of investor-state dispute settlement from 1920-2020. This essay shows that the UK contributed in three ways (1) law-making, both before and after the launch of its investment treaty programme in the early 1970s; (2) dispute settlement –...

This article analyses constitutional changes and policy consequences concerning the transfer to the supranational level of an external competence in the field of investment resulting from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It states that EU Member States lose their...

We review a large body of literature dealing with the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economies during their transformation from a command economic system toward a market system. We report the results of a meta-analysis based on the literature on externalities from FDI. The studies...