(partly) answer investment law's legitimacy crisis by influencing changes in arbitral reasoning so that investment arbitration …-known disagreements persist over the relevant audience for investment arbitration, the task of building widely-perceived legitimacy …

and later make payments. No doubt, this in most cases necessitated contract or agreement which may be written or oral …

Arbitrators in investment treaty arbitration have not been reluctant to express their views on the access to … international arbitration, provided for in dispute settlement clauses in investment treaties, as forming a part of substantive … arbitration as a substantive right of investors amounts to law-making, effected by requalifying procedural rules as substantive …

Arbitration is in crisis. ... …

Despite the non-binding nature of investment arbitration decisions beyond the circle of disputing-parties, arbitration … tribunals rely on earlier decisions ‘whenever they can'. However, arbitration practice shows that opinions diverge when it comes … to deciding how much influence those earlier arbitration decisions should exert. These diverging opinions result from …

This article examines the NASD's proposal to change its Code of Arbitration Procedure to require NASD arbitrators to … the arbitration process …

arbitration clause and party autonomy. This article, deals with this issue of powers of international (financial) arbitrators and … transnational commercial an financial legal order ityself, merely activated by the arbitration clause but are not founded therein …

adjudication. This article established that Arbitration is the solution for efficient resolution of commercial disputes in the … banking industry, and as such, there is a need to refer all banking disputes to Arbitration for cheaper, faster, efficient …