of different government sub-sectors on aggregate GDP in Germany. From a general government perspective, the results show …

or analytical framework integrates the Keynesian multiplier into Leontief´s traditional model. Empirically, we apply our … recently presented input-output table of Germany for the benchmark year of 1936. Putting together the effects of both work …

by 5%, and even by 20% for liquidity-constrained households. The long-run present value multiplier of the package amounts …

impact of the VAT reduction in conjunction with the lockdowns in 2020-2021 in Germany. We use nonlinear solution techniques … restriction reduces the effectiveness of a temporary VAT reduction, we find a short-term multiplier of 1.8. However, the … cumulative multiplier reduces to below 1 over the medium term due to a shift in durable goods consumption toward 2020. Thus, the …