Both market timing and investment-based theories of corporate financing predict under-performance after firms raise capital, but only market timing predicts that the composition of financing (equity compared with debt) should also forecast returns. In cross-sectional tests, we find that the...

We examine how Moody's ratings scale recalibration in 2010, which has been linked to higher county-level government spending and income, affects income and population distributions. We find that the recalibration decreases median and average per capita income and increases income inequality and...

We find that areas hosting large companies that go public experience muted growth in employment, establishments, and population, relative to areas where similar firms remain private. These effects initiate in the tradable sector and follow in the non-tradable sector, are more pronounced in...