During the growth phase of every venture capita (VC) business cycle, it seems as though both local and national governments in various countries initiate policies aimed at establishing VC industries as part of a high-technology economic development strategy. It is remarkable how each time there...

Venture capital (VC) is a relatively recent addition to the U.S. national system of innovation (NSI). Tracing the history of the VC industry in the U.S. provides an interesting example of how NSIs can add new institutions and in the process be transformed. The history encompasses important...

This paper examines whether university ownership of inventions made by its personnel best serves the widely held social goals of encouraging technology commercialization and entrepreneurship. Using a hand-collected census of technology-based university spin-offs from six universities, one of...