Purpose: The purpose of this research is to survey whether consumer ethnocentrism and animosity will affect consumers' perceived betrayal and cause negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). Design/methodology/approach: This study conducted a 2 (consumer ethnocentrism) × 3 (consumer animosity)...

This study investigates the congruence between consumer personalities and product images based on the self-congruity perspective. In addition, consumer personality-product image congruence was examined to determine its influences on consumer product preference. Data were obtained from 335...

This paper investigates the importance of return heterogeneity and volatility for the foreign exchange rate on the New Taiwan (NT) dollar in terms of the U. S. dollar. We describe the price behavior of the foreign exchange market through the Power GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models. The time...