We study how fragmentation of patent rights ('patent thickets') and the formation of the Court of Appeal for the … Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the speed of technology diffusion through licensing …. We develop a model of patent litigation which predicts faster settlement agreements when patent rights are fragmented and …

The paradigmatic defendant in a patent lawsuit is a vertically integrated manufacturer. But much economic activity is …'s infringement. Often patent owners have the option of suing some or all of the members of a supply chain who contribute to the … design, creation and marketing of a new technology.Businesses increasingly contemplate the risk of patent infringement when …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent … market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely driven by patent invalidations early in …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

To study how governments can improve the quality of patent screening, we develop an integrative framework incorporating … four main policy instruments: patent office examination, pre- and post-grant fees, and challenges in the courts. We show …. Simulations of the model, calibrated on U.S. patent and litigation data, indicate that patenting is socially excessive and the …

Patent trolls appropriate innovation rents by threatening to block other players’ R&D-related value creation. Legal … manufacturers, we show that this is not the case. Patent extortion will remain viable in technologically crowded industries as long … patent trolls, and discuss adjustments to their R&D strategies regarding product design, interaction with trolls …

How does patent enforcement affect subsequent innovation? I exploit patent infringement litigation in the United States … to analyze the effect of patent enforcement on cumulative innovation. The results imply that subsequent innovation … patent and reductions in asymmetric information are particular driver of the increase in follow-on innovation. Although there …

criteria of novelty or non-obviousness. In recent decades, many jurisdictions introduced patent reforms to avoid weak patent … applications and improve legal patent quality. In particular, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), enacted into law in 2011 … any third party to question granted patents, possibly leading to patent revocation or scope reduction. This paper aims to …

Patent Assertion Entities (“PAEs”) are playing a growing role in the United States, but also in Europe. Their …