excess reserves, implying a structural liquidity surplus in the euro area banking sector. Against this background, the first … part of this paper analyses the Eurosystem's liquidity management during normal times, crisis times and times of too low in … banks operate under a structural liquidity surplus. The model shows that increasing excess reserves have no or even a …

due to excess supply of reserves. This so-called excess liquidity trap has adverse economic consequences, is persistent … provide an example of supporting policies that are effective in escaping the excess liquidity trap. …

We investigate the channel through which fluctuations in the market liquidity of real-sector repo collateral cause … productive capital as repo collateral to fund the margin for their arbitrage positions. A tiny drop in the market liquidity of …), and can easily incur a simultaneous repo run and arbitrage crashes, where liquidity in several markets dry up altogether …