Security trading now fragments into more than 10 almost identical stock exchanges in the United States. We show that discrete pricing is one economic force that prevents the consolidation of trading volume. The uniform one-cent tick size (minimum price variation), imposed by the SEC's Rule 612,...

The complex and fragmented nature of the U.S. equities exchange landscape has given rise to structural inefficiencies that have created the potential for inherent conflicts of interest between market participants. The introduction of the Investors Exchange, or IEX, offers the unique opportunity...

In this study, I examine the prevalence of latency arbitrage opportunities that arise due to the fragmentation of trading across multiple exchanges. I analyze order and quote data from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Market Information Data Analytics System (MIDAS), which...

The study examines the behavior of stock returns and volatility of returns in CSE around both Presidential and Parliamentary elections. Based on daily data during the sample period January 1985 through September 2009, a univariate GARCH model with return and volatility dummies is employed for...

This paper investigates the influence of information asymmetry on the cross-sectional variation of volume-return relation. We find that the dynamic volume-return relation within medium-size trades has the most significant response to the degree of information asymmetry. We also show that the...

This paper presents annual stock market capitalization data for 17 advanced economies from 1870 to today. Extending our knowledge beyond individual benchmark years in the seminal work of Rajan and Zingales (2003) reveals a striking new time series pattern: over the long run, the evolution of...

This paper explains why platforms such as Amazon and Visa rely predominantly on ad-valorem fees, fees which increase proportionally with transaction prices. It also provides a new explanation for why ad-valorem sales taxes are more desirable than specific taxes. The theory rests on the ability...

This paper investigates a puzzle and possible policy concern: Why do platforms such as eBay and Visa that enable the trade of goods of different unobserved costs and valuations rely predominantly on linear ad-valorem fees, that is, fees that increase in proportion to the sale price of the trades...