This study presents and empirically tests a simple framework that examines the effects of market liquidity (the ease … with which stocks are traded) and funding liquidity (the ease with which market participants can obtain funding) on stock … market bubbles. Three key findings emerge from this research. First, negative market and funding liquidity shocks increase …

-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees … on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why the breakdown of trading fees between liquidity demanders and … suppliers matters. Posted quotes adjust after the change in the fee composition, but the transaction costs for liquidity …

-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees … on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why the breakdown of trading fees between liquidity demanders and … suppliers matters. Posted quotes adjust after the change in the fee composition, but the transaction costs for liquidity …

-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees … on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why the breakdown of trading fees between liquidity demanders and … suppliers matters. Posted quotes adjust after the change in the fee composition, but the transaction costs for liquidity …

. Contemporaneous with the significant fall in equity market values is the evaporation of market liquidity. We show that transactions … of global liquidity suppliers is correlated with the increase of over 400% in margin requirements, driving a pro …-cyclical downwards liquidity spiral. These effects are shown to be concentrated in securities most exposed to electronic liquidity …

show that the larger tick size raised the cost for retail-sized liquidity demanding orders by almost fifty percent, and … raised profits to liquidity providers by forty percent. The bulk of the effects occurred for tick-constrained stocks for …

factor premiums are present after accounting for liquidity constraints. Fourth, we check whether the factor premiums are …, but they disappear after accounting for transaction costs and liquidity. …