between multiplier size and the import share. Employing an interacted panel VAR model for EU countries, we estimate the effect …

variance in multiplier estimates can be explained by the national imprint and various author incentives. For this purpose, we … matter for the degree and direction of multiplier estimates. These potential biases largely disappear for teams of …

consumption. The results suggest that the output tax multiplier is positive and above one (in absolute value) in recessions but …

the European Commission's Spring Forecasts, we show that multiplier estimates in the EU have been overestimated in the …

a Markov switching process. We find that the average government spending multiplier is significantly and persistently … inversely to their error variance. We then show that the multiplier is significantly smaller when volatility is high, consistent …

Empirical literature explains the heterogeneity of fiscal multiplier estimates through the analysis of various cyclical …

significant positive effects on aggregate output, with a public consumption multiplier of 1.6 on average, and an income tax … multiplier of approximately 1.0. Notably, the effectiveness of a public direct consumption stimulus exhibits significant non … contrast, income tax rate multiplier appears largely acyclical. Overall, this analysis contributes to the growing and unsettled …