International investment agreements (“IIAs”) provide enforceable protections to foreign investors based on the premise that enforceable investor protections will stimulate greater foreign investment flows, which, in turn, are assumed to promote development. However, as understandings of both...

Energy is pivotal for socio-economic and cultural development. Last century witnessed a drastic increase, on one hand on the consumption of energy and, on the other on greenhouse gases emissions. Traditionally, energy security has been linked with the need to guarantee supply and, in turn,...

The extractive industries (EI) are at a critical juncture. A period of significant commodity price volatility is intersecting with the global energy transition and, more recently, the major social, political, and economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic – a combination of forces...

For the last 20 years, fostering greater transparency in the historically opaque extractive industries has been a governance priority in the sector. It is now time to build on the progress made and unlock greater gains from it. Achieving this requires getting serious about politics. The...

Global regulations involving clean energy technologies have evolved in recent decades. Such evolution came as a result of technological disparities between the North and the South. Such regulatory changes came because of the failure of developed nations to assist developing countries in...

This report discusses water management in the western U.S. and investigates related problems. The first part reviews theoretical and empirical economics literature on the motivations for water management. Following that, it discusses barriers to effective water management and potential knowledge...

Bulgarian Abstract: Разработката е отчет от втори етап на научно-изследователски проект „Управление на услугите на агроекосистемите“, финансиран от Селскостопанска...

The scientific consensus is clear. The earth’s climate is changing, and mankind must take collective bold action. While the pace of decarbonization is being debated as a political question, it is already impacting business decisions and needs to also be addressed by regulators. From a...

The working paper concerns the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) and its climate provision. It addresses the “When”, “Where”, and “How”. The “When” concerns when the CAI may enter into force. The paper provides an overview of some of the current issues that may...

The Klamath River, draining some 12,000 square miles in southern Oregon and northern California, was once the third largest salmon stream on the West Coast, the life force of Native Americans. The river runs 263 miles from headwaters in Oregon and flows through the Cascades to the Pacific Ocean...